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Thermal Coal: Technical Data Sheet & Sourcing

Access international thermal coal specifications (Steam Coal NAR 5500 / 6000 kcal/kg) and facilitate matchmaking between mine operators, energy producers, and industrial buyers for your Spot transactions or forward supply contracts.

  • Contract Types

    Spot Orders, Forward & Framework Contracts

  • Standard Quality

    NAR 5500 - 6000 kcal/kg / Sulfur < 1.0%

  • Main Hubs

    Indonesia, Australia, South Africa, Colombia

Definition & Standard

What is Thermal Coal?

The Thermal Coal (Steam Coal / Thermal Coal) is a solid fossil fuel mainly used for power generation in thermal power plants as well as for industrial heating (cement plants, paper mills, glassworks).

Global commercial trading relies on Net As Received calorific value (NAR). International benchmark indices like API2 (Europe) or API4 (South Africa) define trade standards for bituminous and sub-bituminous coal.

Standard Specifications (Steam Coal NAR 6000)
Calorific Value (NAR)6,000 kcal/kg (Base 5,800 - 6,200 kcal/kg)
Sulfur Content0.8% to 1.0% Max.
Ash Content12.0% to 14.0% Max.
Total Moisture12.0% to 15.0% Max.
Global Market

Origins & Export Hubs

International thermal coal trading relies on highly automated bulk/export terminals located in major exporting countries:

  • Indonesia: World's leading exporter by volume, specializing in low-sulfur, low-ash sub-bituminous coal (GAR 3800 - 5000 kcal/kg).
  • Australia (Newcastle): Major player supplying high-energy bituminous coal (NAR 6000 kcal/kg) to Asian markets.
  • South Africa (Richards Bay): Key exporter out of the Richards Bay hub, benchmark for contracts delivered to India, Southeast Asia, and Europe.
  • Colombia & United States: Strategic Atlantic Basin suppliers recognized for their high-calorific value bituminous coal.
Procedures & Logistics

Bulk Shipping, Sampling & Standard Contracts

Bulk maritime logistics for coal requires strict monitoring of combustion parameters and loading density:

Standards & Price Indices

Transactions tied to indices API2, API4, ICI (Indonesian Coal Index) or GlobalCOAL SCoTA.

Bulk Maritime Transport

Shipping via bulk carriers of size Panamax, Post-Panamax, and Capesize from dedicated mining terminals.

Inspection & Penalties

Continuous sampling at loading by independent bodies (SGS, CCIC). Application of rejection/bonus scales on calorific value. Sales under FOB or CIF.

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